New Religious, Philosophical, and
Political Currents
U.S. History to 1877
The Church of England in America
Hierarchy and order
Control of vestry by the
elite
By 1750 strong and
well-established across the South
The Great Awakening, 1735-1745
Lose of
control of colony and turn inward, 1690s
First
revivals, focused on “conversion experience”
“New
Lights” and “Old Lights”
Jonathan
Edwards
George
Whitefield
Baptist
growth
Evangelical
Calvinists
Baptist growth
Growth despite violent
opposition in Virginia
“pelted with apples and
stone”
“ducked and nearly drowned by 20 men”
“commanded to take a dram, or be whipped”
“ jailed for permitting a man to pray”
“meeting broken up by a mob”
“arrested as a vagabond and schismatic”
“pulled down and hauled about by hair”
“tried to suffocate him with smoke”
“tried to blow him up with gun powder”
“drunken rowdies put in same cell with him”
“horses ridden over his hearers at jail”
“dragged off stage, kicked, and cuffed about”
“shot with a shot-gun”
“ruffians armed with bludgeons beat him”
“severely beaten with a whip”
“whipped severely by the Sheriff”
“hands slashed while preaching”
The Enlightenment in America
From Age
of Faith to Age of Reason
Reason
& nature
Science
& progress
Enlightenment
in Religion
Deism
Unitarianism
Benjamin
Franklin
International
hero of the Enlightenment
Political Ideas
Ideal:
monarchy, aristocracy, democracy
English
“constitution”
Checks and
balances: Crown, Lords, Commons
Ministers
& Commons
“Rotten
boroughs” & “placemen”
Colonial
“constitutions”
Governor,
council, assembly
Factions
& paper power
Independent
assemblymen
Guarding liberty from tyrants
Liberty
vs. power
“Wicked
and worthless” wars
No juries
Catholicism
Taxation
without representation
STANDING
ARMIES
Wars and Empire
3 major
French-English wars before 1750
Starts in
Europe, main theater is Europe, indecisive ending
French
& Indian War, 1754-63
A
different war: Starts in America, main theater in America, decisive
Washington
at Ft. Duquesne
Gen.
Braddock at Ft. Duquesne
Pitt turns
the tide, 1758-62
Peace
End of New
France, 1763
Pontiac’s
Rebellion, 1763
English-American
relationship transforms
Proclamation
Line of 1763