New Religious, Philosophical, and Political Currents

U.S. History to 1877

The Church of England in America

Hierarchy and order

Control of vestry by the elite

By 1750 strong and well-established across the South

The Great Awakening, 1735-1745

From Puritan to Yankee

“Outlivers,” greed, contention, guilt

“Fire & brimstone” & “harvests”

“New Lights” & “Old Lights”

Jonathan Edwards

George Whitefield

Baptist growth

Evangelical Calvinists

Evangelize the South

Violent opposition in Virginia

The Enlightenment in America

From Age of Faith to Age of Reason

Reason & nature

Science & progress

Enlightenment in Religion

Deism

Unitarianism

Benjamin Franklin

International hero of the Enlightenment

Political Ideas

Ideal: monarchy, aristocracy, democracy

English “constitution”

Crown, Lords, Commons

Ministers & Commons

“Rotten boroughs” & “placemen”

Colonial “constitutions”

Governor, council, assembly

Factions & paper power

Independent assemblymen

Political Ideas

Liberty vs. power

Corruption

Isolated ruler

“Wicked and worthless” wars

Taxation without representation

No juries

Catholicism

STANDING ARMIES

Wars and Empire

America in Europe’s wars

3 major French-English wars before 1750

French & Indian War, 1754-63

A different war

Washington at Ft. Duquesne

Albany Plan of Union, 1754

Gen. Braddock at Ft. Duquesne

Pitt turns the tide, 1758-62

Peace

End of New France, 1763

Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763

English-American relationship transforms

Proclamation Line of 1763