The Evolution of Western
European Christianity
Religion in America
Christianity’s Dilemmas
Origins:
Roman Judaism
Sadducees
Pharisees
Essenes
Zealots
Revolts
of 66-70 and 132-135
Destruction of the Temple and exile
Rise of Rabbinical Judaism
Origins: Christianity
James:
Christianity as Jewish sect
St.
Paul: Jewish sect to world religion
Roman Catholicism
Emperor
Constantine, 313
Creation of imperial church
Hierarchy & orthodoxy
St. Augustine (354-430)
Philosophy & theology
Medieval
growth of papal power
Gregory VII, 1073: papal goal of Christian
society
Innocent III, 1198: pope above kings
Boniface VIII, 1294: outside church, no
salvation
Religious
orders as standard of piety
Celibacy, confession
The problem of dissent
Channel
dissent
Reform
Crusades
Franciscans, Dominicans
Suppress
dissent
Inquisition, 1233
Crisis in the Church
“Babylonian
captivity” 1309-1377
Popes in Avignon, France
The
Great Schism, 1378-1417
Three popes
The Renaissance
Power,
wealth, glory
Popular
yearning for spiritual renewal
Humanism:
recovery of sources
Criticism of wealth, power, corruption of church